Background References

Dataflow Analysis

• Flemming Nielson, Hanne Riis Nielson, Chris Hankin: Principles of Program Analysis.
  See: http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/stores/detail/-/books/3540654100/103-9678701-3638227.

Type systems

• Luca Cardelli: Type Systems. The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook 1997: 2208-2236.
  Available from: http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/cardelli97type.html.

• Benjamin C. Pierce: Types and Programming Languages.
  See: http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/tapl/index.html.

Constraint-based Program Analysis

• Alexander Aiken: Introduction to Set Constraint-Based Program Analysis. Science of Computer Programming 35(2): 79-111 (1999).
  Available as: PS.
• Flemming Nielson, Hanne Riis Nielson, Chris Hankin: Principles of Program Analysis.
  See: http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/stores/detail/-/books/3540654100/103-9678701-3638227.

Abstract Interpretation

• S. Abramsky and C. Hankin. An Introduction to Abstract Interpretation. Chapter 1.
  Available as: PDF.
• Patrick Cousot and Radhia Cousot. Static Determination of Dynamic Properties of Programs. In B. Robinet, editor, Proceedings of the second international symposium on Programming, Paris, France, pages 106-130, 1976, Paris.
  Available as: PDF.
• Patrick Cousot, Radhia Cousot: Abstract Interpretation: A Unified Lattice Model for Static Analysis of Programs by Construction or Approximation of Fixpoints. POPL 1977: 238-252.
  Available as: PDF.

Software Model Checking

• Thomas Ball, Rupak Majumdar, Todd D. Millstein, Sriram K. Rajamani: Automatic Predicate Abstraction of C Programs. PLDI 2001: 203-213.
  Available as: PS.
• Susanne Graf, Hassen Sa?di: Construction of Abstract State Graphs with PVS. CAV 1997: 72-83.
  Available as: PDF.

Axiomatic Semantics

• Robert W. Floyd. Assigning meanings to programs. 1967.
  Available as: PDF.
• C. A. R. Hoare: An Axiomatic Basis for Computer Programming. CACM 12(10): 576-580 (1969).
  Available as: PDF.
• Glynn Winskel. The Formal Semantics of Programming Languages: An Introduction. Foundations of Computing Series. The MIT Press, 1993.
  See: http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=8094.